Tourism and Outdoor Recreation

The Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development conducts original research with its partners and connects faculty and Extension educators in the region with one another and to national collaborators and resources, thereby creating synergies and reducing duplication of effort. The five goals of this multi-state Hatch project are approved by the NERCRD’s Board of Directors’ and are to:

• Build regional capacity and facilitate the integration of research and outreach.
• Support rural economic development and entrepreneurship, and innovation.
• Facilitate tourism development, including agritourism.
• Address climate change and carbon levels.
• Measure and promote food and nutrition security.

If you are interest in participating in this regional research project, please contact Stephan Goetz.

Funding Agency: Northeast Regional Association of Experiment Station Directors

Principal Investigator: Stephan J. Goetz, Penn State/NERCRD

Start Date: October 2024   End Date: September 2029

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This project is funded by the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) and led by Doug Arbogast, Rural Tourism Development Extension Specialist at West Virginia University. The project team includes collaborators from North Carolina State Extension Tourism, the Community and Economic Development Initiative of Kentucky, the Northeast and Southern Regional Rural Development Centers, prominent tourism industry consultants, and community partners across three Appalachian states.

The project team will use the funds to plan the development of the Rural Tourism Institute, which will comprise three components:

• the Rural Tourism Academy, which will develop the industry’s first Rural Tourism Executive Certification program;
• the Rural Tourism Lab, which will leverage academic faculty and students to fill critical data and intelligence gaps and provide planning and research support; and,
• the Rural Tourism Peer Network, which will provide facilitated networking and information sharing among practitioners.

During the 12-month planning grant, the team will work together to outline curriculum development for the certification training program and delineate research activities for the lab. Tourism authorities from at least two counties in each state will participate as active partners in training, research and networking. Funding was made via ARC’s Appalachian Regional Initiative for Stronger Economies (ARISE), which aims to drive large-scale, regional economic transformation through multi-state collaborative projects across Appalachia.

Download the project snapshot here.

Funding Agency: Appalachian Regional Commission

Principal Investigator: Doug Arbogast, West Virginia University Extension

Accompanying Institution(s): North Carolina State Extension Tourism, CEDIK (University of Kentucky), NERCRD, SRDC

Start Date: September 2024   End Date: August 2025

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NERCRD is supporting a new initiative emerging from its collaboration with the National Extension Tourism Network, in response to the recently announced USDA Interagency Memorandum of Understanding on Supporting the Nation’s Outdoor Recreation Economy (MOU). The MOU states that building the U.S. recreation economy is one of the USDA’s top priorities and calls on the RRDCs to implement the MOU. To that end, NERCRD and NET co-hosted an outdoor recreation national networking meeting in November 2022 that resulted in the creation of the National Extension Outdoor Recreation Working Group (NEORWG).

A primary objective of this group is to convene a community of Extension professionals to engage with the goals of the MOU (PDF).

More recently, NERCRD organized and hosted three NEORWG steering committee meetings and has supported this steering committee as they establish a vision and mission for the NEORWG.

As of October 11, this group is planning to work in their respective regions to develop regional pilot projects that will leverage the MOU. Each regional group will work with their respective RRDC to develop a funding proposal based on the pilot project.

Funding Agency: NERCRD's staff support of this effort is funded by the NERCRD core grant from USDA NIFA.

Principal Investigator: NEORWG Co-chairs: Doug Arbogast, West Virginia University and Jake Powell, Utah State University

Start Date: November 2022   End Date: Ongoing

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This multi-state Hatch research project will examine resilience and recovery through the lens of rural tourism in the Northeast region. Planned objectives include conducting collaborative assessments of rural tourism at the multi-state level; investigating the resilience, adaptability, and recoverability of different components of the rural tourism system; and identifying strategies that tourism businesses and destinations are using to cope with the pandemic.

Funding Agency: Hatch Multistate Research Fund

Principal Investigator: Doug Arbogast, West Virginia University

Accompanying Institution(s): Penn State

Start Date: October 2022   End Date: September 2027

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The long-term goal of this project is to enhance the sustainability and resiliency of rural destinations by providing research-based information and a destination management framework for rural gateway destinations. This project is led by Doug Arbogast, West Virginia University Extension, with collaborators including National Extension Tourism Design Team (NETDT), Penn State, University of Vermont, University of New Hampshire, and the Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development.

Project team members bring a unique combination of research and analytical skills in addition to extensive industry experience supporting rural tourism destinations and providing innovative programs to guide sustainable management strategies. The addition of researchers from the Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development (NERCRD) at Penn State brings expertise in econometric modeling, which will be applied to develop a rigorous understanding of the county-level determinants and impacts of tourism development over time.

Objectives:

• Identify economic, social, and environmental indicators for sustainable tourism (across all US counties and in three case study communities).
• Survey residents and visitors in case study destinations to identify social and environmental indicators.
• Deliver Extension programming in targeted gateway communities through pilot programming using the research-based insights generated in objectives 1 and 2.
• Assess change over time and associated impacts thus providing a mechanism to update the data on a regular basis to monitor changes and reflect on community goals.

Resources for Residents

Funding Agency: USDA NIFA

Principal Investigator: Douglas Arbogast, West Virginia University

Accompanying Institution(s): Texas A&M University, Penn State, University of Vermont, University of New Hampshire

Start Date: January 2022   End Date: December 2025

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Agritourism activity has the potential not only to keep small- and medium-sized farms in business but also to provide important local economic development spillover effects. While agritourism is not profitable or even appropriate in all communities, various stakeholders report that key barriers currently prevent farmers who would like to provide agritourism services from doing so. These barriers represent opportunity costs and include not only lack of information among producers, consumers, supporting organizations and policy makers, but also regulatory gaps across the states. Drawing on extensive stakeholder input, guidance and collaboration, the goal of this four-year project led by NERCRD Faculty Affiliate Claudia Schmidt (Penn State) is to develop and disseminate practical information that will allow small- and medium-sized farmers and rural communities to benefit from the growing consumer interest in agritourism activities. Supporting objectives include understanding the roles and educational needs of various organizations in supporting agritourism; improving understanding of factors that contribute to growth in agritourism across U.S. counties; and delivering peer-reviewed educational materials to farmers as well as supporting organizations and policy makers.

Collaborators on the project included: 

• Claudia Schmidt, Penn State and NERCRD, PI
• Lisa Chase, University of Vermont
• Jason Entsminger, University of Maine
• Stephan J. Goetz and Zheng Tian, Penn State and NERCRD
• Sarah Cornelisse, Jackie Schweichler, and Suzanna Windon, Penn State
• Stacy Tomas, Oklahoma State University

Below is a list of impacts and outputs from this project, which will be updated regularly as the research is ongoing. For a complete report on the work of this project, visit the USDA NIFA reporting portal. 

Selected Impacts:

• Through a number of publications and presentations made by the project team, researchers, agritourism support organizations, and non-technical audiences have increased their understanding of the status of agritourism in the U.S. and how it can be supported.
  • For example, the researchers found that agritourism and direct farm sales complement one another when they occur within the same community. These findings could help farmers and the local organizations that support them plan strategically for farm resilience and growth, and were shared widely via a peer-reviewed publication, a Penn State News release, and  presentations.
  • The researchers also found that availability and adoption of high-speed broadband appears to boost the number of farms offering agritourism activities. These findings bolster the argument for expanding broadband availability in support of farm operators who want to benefit from the growing consumer interest in on-farm experiences. This research was published in the Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, and were shared widely via a Penn State News release and presentations. 

Selected Outputs

• Hollas, C. R., Chase, L., Conner, D., Dickes, L., Lamie, R. D., Schmidt, C., Singh-Knights, D., & Quella, L. (2021). Factors Related to Profitability of Agritourism in the United States: Results from a National Survey of Operators. Sustainability, 13(23), 13334. 
• Schmidt, C., Chase, L., Barbieri, C., Rilla, E., Knights, D. S., Thilmany, D., Tomas, S., Dickes, L., Cornelisse, S., Lamie, R. D., Callahan, R., George, H., Leff, P., Schmidt, C., Chase, L., Barbieri, C., Rilla, E., Knights, D. S., Thilmany, D., … Leff, P. (2022). Linking Research and Practice: The Role of Extension on Agritourism Development in the United States. Applied Economics Teaching Resources, 4(3). 
• Schmidt, C., Han, L., Moghadam, A., & Goetz, S. J. (2024). Broadband access and agritourism operations in the United States. Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, jaa2.128. 
• Schmidt, C., Tian, Z., Goetz, S. J., Hollas, C. R., & Chase, L. (2023). Agritourism and direct sales clusters in the United States. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 52(1), 168–188. 
• Schmidt, C., Entsminger, J., Lo, K., Hollas, C., Tomas, S., Goetz, S. J., & Cornelisse, S. (2023). Agritourism in the United States: State and National Fact Sheets. (More information about the fact sheets is available via this Penn State News article.)
• Entsminger, J. S., & Schmidt, C. (2024a). Agritourism and Recreational Services on US Farms: Data from the 2022 Census of Agriculture. (NERCRD Data Brief 2024–1). 

  Entsminger, J. S., & Schmidt, C. (2024b). Direct-to-Consumer Sales of Agrifood Products by US Farms: Data from the 2022 Census of Agriculture. (NERCRD Data Brief 2024–2).

Funding Agency: USDA NIFA

Principal Investigator: Claudia Schmidt, Penn State

Accompanying Institution(s): University of Vermont, Oklahoma State University, University of Maine

Start Date: July 2020   End Date: June 2024

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NERCRD and the National Extension Tourism Network (NET) have a longstanding partnership, with NERCRD providing substantial staff support to the network since 2018. This page provides a brief historical outline of the ways in which NERCRD and NET have partnered over the years. More information about NET is available on the NET website: https://extensiontourism.net.

2018-2019: Conference-planning and national survey support

In 2018, NERCRD began providing conference-planning support to NET ahead of its 2019 national conference, which took place in Astoria, OR.

2020-2021: Webinar series launch and strategic planning support

Building on the momentum of the 2019 conference, NET and NERCRD co-launched the NET webinar series in February 2020, which was designed to provide programmatic examples from both the Sea Grant and Land Grant networks to a wide audience.

In March 2020, NERCRD and the other RRDCs sponsored a strategic planning retreat for NET’s leadership, and NERCRD Director Stephan Goetz attended. The facilitated retreat resulted in NET’s first strategic plan (pictured at right).

2021: The beginning of a tremendous period of growth

2021 marked the beginning of a period of tremendous growth for the NETwork. In addition to the successful planning and delivery of the 2021 National Conference that took place in Savannah, GA, NET and the RRDCs carried out a national survey process from 2017 to 2019 to catalog the tourism and recreation programming being conducted by U.S. Extension professionals, resulting in a report, pictured at left and available here. The NET Design Team and NERCRD also partnered on a New Technologies for Agricultural Extension accelerator project, which ran for 18 months (through February 2023) and resulted in numerous outputs, including:

The NET Effect is a 57-page publication that contains eight case studies exploring innovative Cooperative Extension and Sea Grant work in sustainable tourism and outdoor recreation. It features work being done in Georgia, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, South Carolina, Utah, Vermont, and West Virginia.

NET logo and marketing materials: With design services provided by the Extension Foundation, NET developed a new logo and display materials to accompany a marketing campaign that included tabling at several national conferences. 

To increase access to the impactful work presented at NET’s 2021 Conference, NET and NERCRD leveraged the NTAE project resources to develop NET’s first conference proceedings. Learn more here.

2023 to present: Ongoing conference and communications support

With the NTAE project concluding in February 2023, NERCRD began winding down the level of support it had been providing in order to allow the NETwork to pursue more sustainable long-term organizational stability. However, NERCRD continued to provide conference-planning support through the 2023 NET Conference, which took place in Milwaukee, WI, and where NERCRD’s contributions to the NETwork were recognized with an award. NERCRD also continues to provide communications support to the network by co-chairing the NET communications committee, hosting the NETwork listserv, and managing the NET website.

Funding Agency: NERCRD's support of this effort is funded by its grant from USDA NIFA. The NTAE project was funded by USDA NIFA through a partnership with Oklahoma State University and the Extension Foundation.

Principal Investigator: Current NET Chair: Xinyi Qian, University of Minnesota Extension

Start Date: June 2018   End Date: Ongoing

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